Integration features of oral hygiene and periodontopathogenic microbiota in children with generalized chronic catarrhal gingivitis and atopic dermatitis

Abstract

Introduction. Generalized parodontal diseases with specific features of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the microbiota fill the body with antigenic substances, prolonging their direct influence on the immune system, which can disrupt the process of recognizing «one’s own» - «alien» and trigger a mechanism that potentiates the development of the autoimmune response, as well as of nonspecific factors for body protection. This can be a prerequisite for the development of diseases of the internal organs and systems, including atopic dermatitis in children. The integration features of periodontopathogenic microorganisms in patients with generalized chronic catarrhal gingivitis (GCCG) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are not sufficiently covered. The purpose of the present research was to determine the periodontopathogenic microorganisms in the oral fluid in patients with GCCG and IgE-dependent and IgE-independent forms of AD. Materials and methods. 60 children (37 boys and 23 girls, age 6-12 years, with GCCG who had an IgE-dependent and IgE-independent form of AD (main group) were examined. Subgroup 1 included 30 children with GCCG with IgE-dependent AD, while subgroup 2 consisted of 30 children with GCCG and IgE independent form of AD. The comparative group was represented by 30 GCCG children without background pathology. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy children without oral pathologies. Clinical radiological, microbiological and statistical methods were used. Results and discussion. A high percentage of children with GCCG had an unsatisfactory oral hygiene, children with IgE-dependent and IgE-independent forms of AD being observed in PMA - Green-Vermillona index and GI bleeding index 78.0±1.2, 61.0 ± 1.4, 8.0 ± 2.0% of cases in group GCCG of IgE-dependent form of AD and 70.0 ± 1.6, 52.0 ± 1.8, 7.0 ± 2.0% of cases, respectively, in the group of patients with IgE-independent form of AD. In all subgroups of the main group, a high incidence of aggressive microbiota in the mouth was observed. It should be noted that a poor oral hygiene increased the frequency of the presence of periodontal pathogens of the red complex. Conclusions. A high frequency of unsatisfactory oral hygiene in groups of patients with GCCG was found, which is more pronounced in children with an IgE-dependent form of AD. Patients with GCCG with IgE-dependent and IgE-independent forms had in the oral fluid only «red complex» of the periodontopathogenic microbiota, which is in direct correlation with the state of their oral hygiene. The occurence of some aggressive periodontopathogenic microorganisms of the «red complex» in practically healthy children, without dental pathology, may serve as a marker of their pre exposure status.