Immunological indicators in patients with generalized parodontitis andpsychoemotional stress

Abstract

Psychological stress of patients promotes development of periodontal disease. Itshould be considered in acomprehensivetreatment of patients with periodontal disease.Objective: todeterminepossiblerelationsbetweenthe level of psychologicalstress intheorganismofapatientwithgeneralizedperiodontitis, andevaluatetheparametersintheimmunesystemcellularpart. Material and methods.Thestudy was conducted on thegroup of 40 young patients. They were divided into the following 4 subgroups, 10 people each. The firstgroup: clinically healthy individuals with no manifestations of stress with clinically healthy periodontal tissues. The secondgroup: patients with generalized periodontitis without manifestations of stress. The thirdgroup: persons with manifestations of psychological stress without visible lesions of the periodontal tissues. The fourthone: patients with generalized periodontitis andmanifestations of psychological stress.The level of psychological stress was assessed using questionnaires. All patients with generalized periodontitis were subjected to a thorough clinical examination of the oral cavity. Cortisol content was determined in the oral fluid samples using the RP Elecsys kit (Roche Diagnostics, USA).Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes was performedin venous blood of patients.Results.The lowest level of cortisol in saliva was found in patients without clinical signs of the disease -14.67 ± 2.71 nmol/l. The presence of periodontal disease slightly increases the level of cortisol to 24.33 ± 5.47 nmol/l. In caseof psychoemotional stress, the level of cortisol increases to 29.33 ± 2.55 nmol/l. When psychoemotional stress is combined with generalized periodontitis, the level of cortisol increases to 41.67 ± 5.67 nmol/l.Determination of the parameters of subpopulation composition of lymphocytes: CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8+ in this category of patients showed a decrease in their absolute number in patients with periodontal disease (generalized periodontitis -2nd subgroup), psychoemotional stress (3rd subgroup) and in caseof combination of periodontal disease and psychoemotional stress (4th subgroup).Most of these changes are pronouncedin patients of the 4th subgroup in case of combination of periodontal disease and psychoemotional stress.Determination of the parameters of subpopulation composition of lymphocytes: CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + in this category of patients showed a decrease in their absolute number in patients with periodontal disease (generalized periodontitis -2nd subgroup), psychoemotional stress (3rd subgroup) and in case of combination of periodontal disease and psychoemotional stress (4th subgroup).Most of these changes are expressed in patients of the 4th subgroup in case ofcombination of periodontal disease and psychoemotional stress.Conclusions.The conducted research enablesto confirm a certain relationship between the manifestations of psychoemotional stress, periodontal disease (generalized periodontitis) and cellular immunity. Such a condition requires appropriate medical treatment of this group of patients with generalized periodontitis andmanifestations of psychoemotional stress