Development of relevant quality criteria for a dietary supplement used in the management of decreased bone mineral density

Abstract

Decreased bone mineral density is a significant medical and social problem associated with an increased risk of fractures and deterioration in quality of life, particularly among elderly populations and postmenopausal women. Adequate intake of calcium is essential for bone formation; however, its effective absorption and incorporation into bone tissue depend on vitamin D and vitamin K. Vitamin D regulates intestinal calcium absorption, while vitamin K is involved in the activation of osteocalcin, a key protein responsible for calcium binding in bone matrix.