Physical trauma as a hidden trigger of carcinogenesis through oxidative stress and EMT

Abstract

The impact of traumatic injuries as a cofactor in tumor development has long been underestimated. Trauma initiates numerous biological processes that can be transformed into pathological ones. This review explores the relationship between physical trauma and the development of a pathological cellular process that triggers carcinogenesis. Understanding the following mechanisms: chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), allows us to realise that even seemingly minor yet repetitive injuries can contribute to an increased risk of cancer. It can also lead to earlier diagnosis and identification of new risk groups, including patients with chronic diseases or repetitive tissue damage.