Quantitative morphological assessment of the structural changes in the arterial bed of the cardiac ventricles in diabetes mellitus and post-resection pulmonary hypertension

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus have been recognized as global challenges of the 21st century. The study aimed to evaluate the structural changes in the arterial bed of the heart chambers in diabetes mellitus and pulmonary hypertension. The myocardium of 54 rats divided into 4 groups was studied morphologically. The outer diameter of small-caliber arteries of the right ventricle in diabetes mellitus statistically significantly (p<0.05) increased by 3.0%; in post-resection pulmonary hypertension – by 4.1% (p<0.05); in combined lesions, this morphometric index increased by 18.7% (p<0.001). In the presence of diabetes mellitus in the right ventricle, the internal diameter of small arteries decreased statistically significantly (p<0.01) by 8.6%, in the case of post-resection pulmonary hypertension – by 23.2% (p<0.001), and in the combination of pathology – by 57.4% (p<0.001). In small-caliber arteries of the right ventricle, the thickness of the media increased by 11.0% in diabetes mellitus, adventitia by 37.1%, in post-resection pulmonary hypertension by 28.8% and 65.5%, respectively, and in the combination of these two pathologies by 89.0% and 251.7%, respectively. In diabetes mellitus and post-resection pulmonary hypertension, hemodynamic and structural changes occur in the arterial bed of the heart, which significantly disrupts the blood supply to the myocardium, worsens its trophic supply, and plays an important role in the photomorphogenesis of its diseases.