Improvement of methods of endoscopic diagnosis of pathological changes of the stomach

Abstract

The development of endoscopic technology has significantly expanded the possibilities of diagnosing stomach diseases (atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, dysregenerative precancerous changes in the mucosa, stomach cancer) [1]. However, the specificity of such studies places high demands on the professional skills of the endoscopist, endoscopic technique, objectification of the revealed results, and in the case of performing a biopsy, an in-depth morphological study of the sampled material. An important issue remains the number of biopsies, as well as the loci that the endoscopist chooses to take the material. Subjectivity in making such an important decision often costs the patient's life. That is why endoscopists use the technique of endoscopic chromogastroscopy (EС) - intravital staining of the gastric mucosa [1,2] for a more balanced choice of the place for gastrobiopsy. Dysregenerative changes in the gastric mucosa are classified as precancerous changes and include intestinal metaplasia (IM) and epithelial dysplasia (ED).