Cytokine disbalance in the rats’ kidneys following Leiurus macroctenus envenomation

Abstract

Scorpion envenomation is a challenge for the health-care system. The development of inflammation is very interesting yet at the same time, important effect of the scorpion venom, being indicative for the severity and progression of envenomation. Excretion of venom toxins and endotoxins by kidneys expectedly makes this organ a perfect target for the inflammation development. Therefore, this work was focused on the assessment of cytokine, growth factor (GF), and transcription factor profiles in the kidneys of rats, envenomated by scorpion Leiurus macroctenus. Using the ELISA method, we have shown that starting from the 3rd h of envenomation, the levels of most of assessed parameters were constantly rising, reaching the peak levels at 24 h; therefore, this period is likely the most stressful for the renal system in the aspect of envenomation. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the relative concentrations of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-8 were rising, while most of the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were not, suggesting about the cytokine imbalance, which theoretically may lead to the insufficient immune response and potential tissue damage by the venom toxins. The elevated levels of GFs fibroblast GF-2, vascular endothelial GF, and epidermal GF can also be related to the tissue-destructive action of L. macroctenus venom.