Dynamics of clinical, biochemical and therapeutic indicators in the course of diabetic nephropathy in a child: case report

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic microvascular complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). DN incidence has been gradually increased worldwide. Prevalence of the DN varies between age groups, patients’ cohorts, countries, and continents. Factors such as smoking, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperfiltration and late nephroprotective treatment are the major risk factors in the DN progression. Numerous diverse causes are associated with kidney function impairment in children with DN. The latter are uncompensated kidney failure and hypertensive nephrosclerosis, leading to the complications, i.e. hypertension, proteinuria, and progressive reduction in the kidney function. DN remains incompletely understood in pediatric practice, particularly requiring an understanding of the individual course, mechanisms of pathogenesis and progression of its early stages in children.