Episode Of Renal Dysfunction In A Child With Eating Disorder: A Case Report

Abstract

Among the various organ dysfunctions seriously affected by eating disorders (EDs) is kidney damage. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for several essential functions, including the balance of the body's acid-base and mineral metabolism, the removal and excretion of substances, and the regulation of blood volume and pressure. Eating disorders are a widespread and clinically relevant class of multiorgan disorders that occur mainly in adolescence. EDs often have serious clinical manifestations, which are determined by electrolyte imbalance, endocrine and mental disorders, renal failure, and other disorders. Common eating disorders discussed in the literature and frequently encountered in clinical practice are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is a type of abnormal eating behaviour that involves the consumption of very little food and may include intentional vomiting or the misuse of laxatives or diuretics. Kidneys perform a number of vital functions to maintain homeostasis in our body. One of the main functions of the kidneys is blood filtration and the removal of metabolic products. This allows you to maintain the optimal level of fluid and electrolytes and remove toxins. Restriction of fluid intake and abuse of diuretics can cause a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys and further renal failure. The result of the latter is the development of serious violations of vital functions. Low dietary protein intake in people following a restricted diet (restrictive anorexia) leads to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow. Treatment of acute kidney injury on the background of volume deficit due to fluid loss involves its termination and hydration orally or with the help of intravenous infusions of physiological solution depending on the severity of volume deficit and kidney damage, which was observed and described in this clinical case.