http://ir.librarynmu.com/handle/123456789/17156 2026-04-20T21:59:44Z http://ir.librarynmu.com/handle/123456789/17374 Название: The use of complex radionuclide methods in the detection of metastatic lesions of the skeleton and liver in kidney cancer Авторы: Lazar, Y.; Yevdoshenko, D.; Mazur, A.; Mіronova, O.; Romanenko, H.; Makarenko, A. Краткий осмотр (реферат): Abstract: metastasis of kidney cancer occurs to the bones in 30% of cases, and to the liver in 60%. One of the radiation methods for detecting metastatic lesions of the skeleton and liver is radionuclide. Osteoscintigraphy is a specific study in the diagnosis of bone metastases, mainly of the osteoblastic type. For the diagnosis of liver metastases, radionuclide methods are used "in vivo" and "in vitro". Static hepatoscintigraphy, compared to ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, is less informative in finding secondary lesions. One of the most sensitive methods for detecting secondary liver damage is radioimmunoassay of specific tumor markers. The main ones are alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9. Their concentration in the blood serum increases tenfold when the malignant process spreads to the liver. In the radionuclide department of the KMCL No. 18, which is located at the Department of Radiology and Radiation Medicine of the O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University, patient S., 62 years old, with rightsided renal cell carcinoma of stage II (T2N0M0), underwent radionuclide studies of the skeleton, liver, function of the single left kidney (after right-sided nephrectomy), and tumor markers. The reason for this was the absence of secondary lesions of these organs on X-ray computed tomograms in the presence of pain syndrome in the lower back and heaviness in the right hypochondrium. Radionuclide examination of the skeleton revealed slight hyperfixation of the radiopharmaceutical (up to 150%) from L1 to L5, which did not confirm the presence of secondary spinal lesions. The functional capacity of the left kidney was reduced. The absence of drug accumulation on hepatoscintigram was not detected, but a diffuse-uneven decrease in its uptake by cells of the reticuloendothelial system was observed, which is characteristic of hepatitis. However, the levels of tumor markers characteristic of focal liver damage significantly exceeded the norm. Based on which a conclusion was made regarding metastatic damage to this organ. Thus, patients with hepatocellular kidney cancer are recommended to undergo a comprehensive radiation examination with the inclusion of radionuclide methods both "in vivo" and "in vitro" to determine tumor markers specific for secondary liver damage. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.librarynmu.com/handle/123456789/17371 Название: The Impact of Transferred COVID-19 on Sinonasal Symptoms in Patients with Chronic Polyposis Rhinosinusitis and Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease Авторы: Moldovanov, I.; Zabolotna, D. Краткий осмотр (реферат): Abstract: chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent disease affecting 5-15% of the population, characterized by prolonged inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) accounts for approximately 18-20% of all CRS cases and as a more severe clinical course compared to CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). A particular group of patients includes those with CRSwNP associated with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), which comprises asthma, rhinosinusitis with polyps, and intolerance to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a past COVID-19 infection on sinonasal symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis and aspirin triad based on the analysis of SNOT-22 questionnaire scores and endoscopic assessment results using the Lund-Kennedy scale. The study was conducted among outpatients at the clinic of the State Institution " O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine." Sixty patients aged 18 to 75 years with a diagnosis of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis with NSAID intolerance were selected and divided into two groups: Group 1 (17 patients) who did not have COVID-19 and Group 2 (43 patients) who had a history of COVID-19. Group 2 was further divided into two subgroups: Subgroup 2A (18  patients, who reported no impact of COVID-19 on the course of CRS) and Subgroup 2B (25 patients, who reported a subjective worsening of CRS after COVID-19). A survey was conducted using the SNOT-22 questionnaire, and endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity was performed with assessment using the Lund-Kennedy scale. The analysis of the SNOT-22 results showed that the mean scores in Group 1 were 41.9 ± 17.94, and in Group 2, they were 43.62 ± 20.12, with no statistically significant differences (p=0.812). The mean scores in Subgroups 2A and 2B were 44.3 ± 19.4 and 43.0 ± 21.2, respectively, also with no statistically significant differences (p=0.874). The endoscopic assessment using the Lund-Kennedy scale did not reveal significant differences between the groups (p=0.588). The study results indicate that a past COVID-19 infection did not have a statistically significant impact on sinonasal symptoms in patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis and aspirin triad. COVID-19 did not lead to a significant worsening of the clinical course of the disease, warranting further studies to explore the virus's impact on other aspects of respiratory health in patients with AERD. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.librarynmu.com/handle/123456789/17369 Название: Revolutionizing Cancer Care: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Personalized Medicine Авторы: Kharchenko, A.; Balabai, A. Краткий осмотр (реферат): Abstract: cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with nearly 20  million new cases and 9.7 million deaths reported in 2022. The increasing burden of cancer, driven by population growth and aging, necessitates innovative solutions to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment outcomes. Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a transformative tool in oncology, offering significant potential in cancer detection, diagnosis, and personalized treatment strategies. This review explores the real-world applications of Artificial Intelligence in oncology, focusing on lung cancer and Место для уравнения.breast cancer, two of the most prevalent and deadly cancers globally. Artificial Intelligence-driven technologies, particularly in imaging, pathology, and genomics, have demonstrated remarkable success in enhancing early detection, diagnostic accuracy, and treatment planning. In lung cancer, Artificial Intelligence-powered imaging tools, such as deep learning models, have shown high sensitivity and specificity in detecting small pulmonary nodules, often missed by traditional methods. Similarly, in breast cancer, Artificial Intelligence has proven effective in mammography interpretation, reducing false positives and false negatives, and alleviating the workload of radiologists. Despite its promising potential, the integration of Artificial Intelligence into clinical practice faces several challenges, including issues related to data quality, algorithmic biases, and ethical considerations. The "black box" nature of many Artificial Intelligence systems poses a significant barrier to clinical acceptance, highlighting the need for explainable Artificial Intelligence to provide transparent and interpretable decision-making processes. Furthermore, the successful implementation of Artificial Intelligence in oncology requires robust regulatory frameworks and standardized protocols to ensure patient safety and data security. This review underscores the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence in revolutionizing cancer care, emphasizing the importance of addressing key challenges to harness its full potential. By enhancing early detection, reducing diagnostic errors, and enabling personalized treatment strategies, Artificial Intelligence has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce the global burden of cancer. However, its successful integration into clinical practice will depend on interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical considerations, and a commitment to responsible implementation. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.librarynmu.com/handle/123456789/17368 Название: Laboratory Markers of Chronic and Acute Stress: Diagnostic Value and Clinical Implications (Part 1: Pathophysiology of Acute and Chronic Stress in the Context of Its Influence on Cardiovascular System) Авторы: Shkvarok-Lisovenko, A.; Bushman, Y. Краткий осмотр (реферат): Abstract: chronic stress significantly impacts human health by dysregulating the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS), leading to neuroendocrine, immunological and metabolic imbalances. Chronic hyperactivity of this system increases cardiac output, induces vasoconstriction, and raises blood pressure, gradually leading to vascular remodeling, myocardial hypertrophy and an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. To explore the diagnostic and pathophysiological significance of neuroendocrine biomarkers in the assessment of stress and its influence on the cardiovascular system. A comprehensive literature review of 76 literature sources in English was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, focusing on the relationship between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and chronic stress; the search included peer-reviewed publications from 2020 to 2025 with keywords including “acute stress”, “chronic stress”, “HPA axis dysregulation”, “autonomic nervous system”, “chronic stress”, “cortisol”, “epinephrine”, “norepinephrine”, “dehydroepiandrosterone”, “dopamine”, “aldosterone”, “tumor necrosis factor alpha”, “interleukin-1”, “interleukin-6”, “C-reactive protein”, “insulin-like growth factor-1”, “cholesterol”, “albumin”, “glycosylated hemoglobin” and “cardiovascular system”; the inclusion criteria encompassed original research studies, systematic and narrative reviews, metaanalyses and clinical guidelines; non-peer-reviewed sources and publications not in English were generally excluded. Neuroendocrine biomarkers provide essential insights into the physiological burden of stress and the functioning of the HPA axis and ANS. Cortisol remains the most established biomarker for both acute and chronic stress, with hair cortisol offering unique advantages for long-term assessment. Catecholamines reflect acute sympathetic activation, but their diagnostic value in chronic stress is limited. Neuroendocrine markers enhances clinical decision-making and may support personalized strategies in stress-related diseases prevention and management. Early detection of elevated neuroendocrine markers associated with chronic stress may provide valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying increased cardiovascular risk and support more effective management of patients with cardiovascular disease. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z