http://ir.librarynmu.com/handle/123456789/17153 2026-05-12T10:58:14Z http://ir.librarynmu.com/handle/123456789/17248 Название: The Role of Aldosterone in the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Авторы: Yerokhovych, V.; Tahiieva, N.; Komisarenko, I. Краткий осмотр (реферат): Abstract: modern statistics confirm that diabetes has become an epidemic of the 21st century. According to the forecasts of the International Diabetes Federation, by 2045, the number of people with diabetes is expected to reach 784 million. Approximately 90% of cases involve type 2 diabetes, which is a major contributor to the development of chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases. The role of aldosterone in the progression of persistent kidney filtration rate disorders is particularly important due to the high prevalence of microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes, especially diabetic nephropathy. The activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, alongside inflammatory processes, fibrotic changes in the kidneys, endothelial dysfunction, and disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism, are key pathogenetic factors in the development and progression of cardiorenal-metabolic syndrome. This syndrome, officially recognized by the American Heart Association, encompasses chronic kidney disease, which significantly worsens the clinical condition and prognosis of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Understanding the relationship between aldosterone levels and irreversible changes in kidney filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes is essential for exploring the mechanisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system’s impact on kidney function in diabetic nephropathy. This study analyzed a range of parameters, including age, anthropometric indicators, carbohydrate metabolism, physical data, aldosterone levels, vitamin D (25OH) levels, and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio in daily urine. Participants were grouped according to their glomerular filtration rate, with a rate of <60 ml/min/1.73 m² indicating persistent pathological changes in the kidneys among individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results revealed a negative correlation between aldosterone levels and glomerular filtration rate in individuals with persistent kidney changes caused by diabetic nephropathy. These changes serve as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Elevated aldosterone levels, albuminuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and reduced vitamin D (25OH) levels were identified as early indicators of chronic kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.librarynmu.com/handle/123456789/17247 Название: Tendinous part of the diaphragm under the influence of carboxyperitoneum and simulated jaundice: an experimental study Авторы: Dovhyi, B.; Kritsak, M. Краткий осмотр (реферат): Abstract: understanding the increase in intra-abdominal pressure during pneumoperitoneum due to carbon dioxide insufflation as part of laparoscopic surgery is important as systemic changes due to carbon dioxide have become important. Despite the benefits, laparoscopic surgical procedures and insufflation affect many systems and organs, such as the brain, lungs, and liver. The aim of the study was to investigate the histological structure of the tendon parts of the diaphragms of rats with obstructive jaundice under the influence of standard pneumoperitoneum pressure formed by carbon dioxide, which is used in laparoscopic surgery, for a variety of time periods. The experimental study was performed on 70 mature rats weighing (235.0±20.0) grams. Obstructive jaundice was modelled by ligation of the common bile duct through a previously made laparotomy access. Pneumoperitoneum was created after puncture of the abdominal wall with a Veresch needle connected to an insufflator that injected carbon dioxide and maintained a given intra-abdominal pressure for a certain time. Obstructive jaundice led to thickening of the tendon due to edema. Collagen fibres acquired a tortuous direction. The cellular infiltration was distinct, with macrophages appearing in the structure. In 1  hour after pneumoperitoneum, there was an undulating direction of collagen fibres separated by intercellular substance, in which fibroblasts, lymphocytes and multiple macrophages were visualised. After 2 hours, there was a thickening of collagen fibres, homogeneity with multiple foci of decay and delimitation by the main substance containing fibroblasts and macrophages. After 3 hours, in addition to the disintegration, loss of unidirectional arrangement, in some cases, foci of chaotic accumulation of cell-fibre mass and haemorrhages were detected. In cellular infiltrates, plasmacytes appeared in small numbers among lymphocytes. The results obtained indicate that obstructive jaundice leads to structural changes in the tendon part of the diaphragm. Pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide exacerbates the changes in the morphological picture, which depend on the duration of the latter. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.librarynmu.com/handle/123456789/17246 Название: Хірургія в умовах глобалізованих пандемій Авторы: Білодід, В.; Ребедайло, К. Краткий осмотр (реферат): Анотація: стаття присвячена дослідженню хірургії в умовах глобалізованих пандемій. Мета статті – системний розгляд фахових праць в межах аналізу ключових аспектів, що пов’язані з обговоренням організації хірургічної допомоги, безпеки пацієнтів і медичного персоналу, а також адаптації медичних практик до потреб хірургії в умовах глобалізованих пандемій. Висувається завдання визначити ключові аспекти, які не в повній мірі розкритті в сучасних фахових працях, що охоплюють питання розвитку хірургії в умовах глобалізованих пандемій. На базі узагальненого вирішення поставленого завдання на комплексному рівні проаналізовано сучасні праці, які присвяченні висвітленню питань пов’язаних із розвитком хірургічної практики в умовах глобалізованих пандемій. Для визначення сучасного стану досліджень з адаптації хірургічної справи в умовах глобалізованих пандемій було проведено комплексний аналіз фахових публікацій в різних базах даних зокрема в Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus і IEEE Xplore. Після комплексного фахових джерел виявлені дані було піддано операційній систематизації, яка засовувалась для визначення основних аспектів, котрі не в повній мірі висвітлені в розглянутих працях. Висновки: Загалом аналіз наукових робіт показав, що: 1. Глобалізовані пандемії стали потужними каталізаторами змін у хірургічній практиці;2. Хірурги у всьому світі змушені швидко адаптуватися до нових реалій, впроваджуючи нові профілактичні заходи, змінюючи хірургічні процедури та керуючи ресурсами; 3. Вивчення досвіду, накопиченого під час цих пандемій, є надзвичайно важливим для підготовки до майбутніх глобальних криз і забезпечення стійкості системи охорони здоров’я. 4. В сучасних фахових працях із піднятого питання існує цілий ряд недоліків в наслідок яких не в повній мірі розкриваються особливості хірургічної практики в умовах глобалізованих пандемій. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.librarynmu.com/handle/123456789/17245 Название: Screening of blood glucose level as a key element of the strategy of prevention and early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus Авторы: Liashko, D.; Domanskyi, R.; Yanitska, L.; Horkunenko, O.; Yezhel, I. Краткий осмотр (реферат): Abstract: the regular screening of glucose level in blood is important for prevention, early detection and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Timely detection of hyperglycemia, as the main index of impaired glucose metabolism, is a key aspect in prevention of development of long-term diabetic complications, including cardiovascular diseases, peripheral neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, etc. Awareness of the risks of development of diabetic complications promotes the higher public awareness of the importance of healthy nutrition, regular physical activity, and a healthy lifestyle. The aim of the study was to carry out a blood glucose screening of individuals aged 18-21 years to analyze the impact of the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the blood glucose levels, as well as to increase the awareness among higher education students about the importance of regular blood glucose screening for prevention of diabetes and prediabetic states. The level of glucose in capillary blood was determined using a glucometer with individual test strips, the data concerning the risk factors for diabetes taken in the form of a voluntary anonymous survey. According to the level of blood glucose the questionnaire of participants of the study were divided into two groups: group A – normoglycemia (the average blood glucose level is 4.6±0.5 mmol/l), group B – the elevated blood glucose (6.3±0.5  mmol/l). A statistical analysis of the questionnaire results and a quantitative assessment of the impact of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus on the level of glycemia were performed. The homogeneity of gender composition of the groups of individuals with normoglycemia and elevated blood glucose levels was established. It was shown that having breakfast a few hours before the study did not influence the blood glucose levels among the individuals with normoglycemia. It was not possible to assess the effect of having breakfast on the level of glycemia in the group with elevated blood glucose levels due to insufficient sample size. The influence of the risk factors, such as the presence of unhealthy habits (smoking, consumption of energy drinks), heredity (having relatives with diagnosed diabetes mellitus), tendency to consume sweets and lack of regular physical activity, on the blood glucose levels of people of this age category was analyzed. It was shown that for people aged 18-21 years, heredity and lack of regular physical activity can be important risk factors for development of hyperglycemia. Having relatives with diagnosed diabetes mellitus increased the risk of hyperglycemia among the participants by 1.85 times; regular physical activity reduced the risk of hyperglycemia among the participants by 4.5 times. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z