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Судово-медична оцінка наслідків здавлення шиї жертви під час випадків домашнього насильства

2026-06-22T06:45:02Z

Название: Судово-медична оцінка наслідків здавлення шиї жертви під час випадків домашнього насильства Авторы: Михайличенко, Б. В.; Біляков, А. М.; Волобуєв, О. Є. Краткий осмотр (реферат): Випадки гендерно зумовленого домашнього фізичного насильства характеризуються зростанням їх кількості як в світі, так і в Україні. Його прояви шляхом здавлення шиї зашморгом чи руками потребують ретельного скринінгу із врахуванням їх клінічних наслідків як під час надання медичної допомоги, так і при судово-медичній оцінці. При судово-медичному обгрунтуванні ступеня тяжкості травми при нефатальному здавленні шиї необхідно враховувати скарги, наявність травм на тілі постраждалої особи, а також порушення стану її здоровʼя, що були обумовлені розвитком гіпоксії чи асфіксії з її наслідками у вигляді неврологічних, психологічних, когнітивних та поведінкових розладів. Cases of gender-based domestic physical violence are characterized by an increase in their number both globally and in Ukraine. Its manifestations through neck compression by a ligature or hands require thorough screening, taking into account their clinical consequences both during the provision of medical care and in forensic medical assessment. In the forensic medical substantiation of injury severity in cases of non-fatal neck compression, it is necessary to consider complaints, the presence of bodily injuries, as well as health impairments caused by the development of hypoxia or asphyxia with consequences in the form of neurological, psychological, cognitive, and behavioral disorders.

A study on levels of cytokines and their regulators in the adrenal gland of scorpion-envenomed albino male rats

2026-03-24T13:41:21Z

Название: A study on levels of cytokines and their regulators in the adrenal gland of scorpion-envenomed albino male rats Авторы: Kobzina-Didukh, D.; Fomina, L.; Mostiuk, O.; Karliychuk, M.; Turbal, L.; Synelnyk, T.; Maievskyi, K.; Kostiuk, O.; Raksha, N. Краткий осмотр (реферат): Scorpion envenomation is a major global health challenge, with the Leiurus genus being particularly hazardous. The venom of the newly described species, Leiurus macroctenus, remains poorly understood regarding its composition, organ-specific effects, and the ability to induce immune response in affected tissues. This study analyzed the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their regulators – transcription factors (NF-κB, HIF-1α) and heat shock proteins (HSP-60, HSP-70) – in the albino male rats adrenal gland following intramuscular injection of L. macroctenus venom. The results revealed a significant increase in the content of all studied proteins, peaking 24 h after venom administration (except for HSP-60, which peaked at 3 h). Among pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-8 showed the most prominent elevation, exceeding control value by 79% at 24 h (p < 0.001). Among anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 content increased to a greater extent, being 43% above control (p < 0.001). Similarly, NF-κB and HSP-70 exhibited the largest increases among their corresponding groups, with levels at 24 h being 31% and 17% higher, respectively, than those in the control (p < 0.001). By 72 h, the values of most parameters, except for HSP-60, remained significantly elevated despite a downward trend. Such findings may reflect the ability of L. macroctenus venom to induce an inflammation in the rat adrenal gland. These results contrast with data observed in the kidneys and lungs of rats e xposed to the same venom, which may be attributed to the unique microenvironment of adrenal gland and the interplay between stress hormones and immune signals within this organ.

Ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats under the action of Vipera berus berus venom

2026-03-02T14:36:10Z

Название: Ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats under the action of Vipera berus berus venom Авторы: Turbal, L. Краткий осмотр (реферат): The study and analysis of ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats under the influence of Vipera berus berus venom were conducted.

Peculiarities of microscopic and histochemical changes in the structure of the liver of experimental rats under the influence of viper venom Vipera berus nikolskii

2026-03-02T14:30:52Z

Название: Peculiarities of microscopic and histochemical changes in the structure of the liver of experimental rats under the influence of viper venom Vipera berus nikolskii Авторы: Turbal, L. V. Краткий осмотр (реферат): As a result of the significant distribution of poisonous animals, humanity is in constant contact with them, which often causes poisoning or fatal consequences. About 1.8-2.7 million cases of snake bites are registered every year, resulting in 81,000-138,000 deaths of the victims, and 100,000 of them are characterised by the development of irreversible physical or mental disorders. Their toxic substances show a wide range of pathological effects on most vital systems, causing damage to the lungs, heart, kidneys, and skeletal muscles. However, currently, the number of experimental works on the effect of the venom of various types of snakes and vipers on the morpho-functional changes of the liver is too limited. The study aims to study microscopic and histochemical changes in the liver of rats under the influence of viper venom Vipera berus nikolskii. Experimental studies were carried out on white, non-linear male rats. The animals were conditionally divided into control and experimental groups, ten individuals in each. Experimental rats were injected intraperitoneally with a semi-lethal dose (LD50) (1.576 mg·g-1) of Vipera berus nikolskii venom in a physiological solution